Diaper Rash: Causes, Treatment and Prevention

Almost every baby gets diaper rash at some point. It's usually mild and clears up in a few days with simple care at home.

What does diaper rash look like?

• red, sore or inflamed skin on the buttocks, genitals or thighs
• skin that feels warm to the touch
• your baby may be fussier than usual, especially during nappy changes

Causes

• Wetness and friction: urine and stool sitting against the skin break down its protective barrier.
• Infrequent nappy changes, especially overnight.
• Diarrhoea, which is more irritating than normal stool.
• New foods when starting solids, which change stool.
• Antibiotics (for baby or breastfeeding mother), which can encourage yeast.
• Irritants such as scented wipes, harsh soaps or detergents on cloth nappies.

Home treatment

1. Change nappies often, as soon as they're wet or dirty, including at night if the rash is bad.
2. Clean gently with lukewarm water and soft cotton or a soft cloth. Avoid scented wipes while the skin is sore.
3. Pat dry: don't rub.
4. Give nappy free time. Let your baby lie on a waterproof underpad or towel without a nappy for as long as practical each day.
5. Apply a thick barrier cream containing zinc oxide or petroleum jelly at every change. You don't need to scrub it all off each time.
6. Choose the right fit. Make sure nappies aren't too tight. Superabsorbent disposable nappies keep skin drier than cloth for many babies.

Avoid talcum powder (it can be inhaled), and don't use steroid creams unless a doctor prescribes them.

Yeast (candida) diaper rash

If a rash lasts more than 2 to 3 days despite good care, it may be infected with yeast. Signs include:

• bright red, shiny skin
• small red spots or bumps at the edges ("satellite" spots)
• redness in the skin folds

This usually needs an antifungal cream prescribed by your doctor.

When to see a doctor

• the rash doesn't improve after 2 to 3 days of home care
• blisters, open sores, pus or yellow crusts
• the rash spreads beyond the nappy area
• your baby has a fever or seems unwell

Prevention

• Change nappies frequently and before bedtime.
• Use a barrier cream at every change if your baby is prone to rashes.
• Wash cloth nappies in mild detergent and rinse well.
• Keep the skin clean and dry.

For more on caring for your newborn, read our first week newborn care guide.